Background
The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of Cytosorb (CytoSorbents, Monmouth Junction, NJ) adsorption during emergency open heart operations in patients at high risk of bleeding due to treatment with coagulation-active substances.
Methods
We investigated 55 consecutive patients (median age 70 years; interquartile range: 60 to 77) who underwent emergency cardiac surgery at our institution between June 2016 and June 2018. All patients were receiving therapy with either ticagrelor (n = 43) or rivaroxaban (n = 12). In 39 of 55 cases, we routinely installed standardized Cytosorb adsorption into the heart-lung machine. Bleeding complications during and after surgery were analyzed in detail and compared with 16 patients without adsorption.
Results
In the Cytosorb adsorption group, no rethoracotomies had to be performed. Drainage volumes in 24 hours were only 350 mL (interquartile range: 300 to 450 mL) after ticagrelor administration and 390 mL (interquartile range: 310 to 430 mL) after rivaroxaban therapy. In the majority of patients, transfusions of blood products were not needed. Compared with that group, among the group of patients without adsorption, multiple bleeding complications occurred. These were associated with longer total operation (p = 0.0042), higher drainage volumes (p = 0.0037), more transfusions of red blood cells (p = 0.0119) and platelets (p = 0.0475), a significantly higher rethoracotomy rate (p = 0.0003), significantly prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.0141), and a longer hospital stay (p = 0.0244).
Conclusions
The intraoperative use of Cytosorb adsorption of ticagrelor and rivaroxaban in emergency open heart operations is reported for the first time. The data show that the strategy is safe and is an effective method to reduce bleeding complications. We recommend the use for safety in patients with ticagrelor or rivaroxaban undergoing emergency cardiac surgery.